Process of utilizing waste products from the manufacture of paper.



-PATEINTIED APR-5, 1904.

w. N. CORNELL. rnocnss' or UTILIZING WASTE PRODUGTS FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER.

APPLIOATIOH FILED FEB 18 1903 N0 IODBL Wz'irgesses:

use ltbrsssetiqteerie i hhi hiear nary Way, and screenings hayingfalready been passed through a .beatingengine or.equivalent machine cannot loeTfu'rther reduced sup ean ql sr the fore ft'oi e bed s mom TIHE' MA U F'ACT IOF PAPERF Patented April 5, 1904.1

" 1 i SPECIFICATION roriai parfi'ofnealgs Patent No.37i56;214,dated April'I5, 90

I Q wh m i m x/mummi scribed as follows: The first step IBe it known'.th 't.;l,"Wtnni M'No Ris.C035 e'ss is to" separate the fibers from e NELL', a citi'zenoii the United;statesyresidingi With as little transyerse breal'z'age jas atflMassena county of StlLt vrence, =Stateof soltlmt' the; finalfstock Will'loeev y Ne WYork have invented "a newiand useful comparatively long'fibers insteadof she t bits. 55 BrocessofUtilizing .WasteProduots from the The most suitableway,ofaecoinplisliiu "is'f Manufacture of;1 ape gflwhiciir the follow: disintegration of the particles is to cri'usli th 3'; ing: is 'a specification', te -trends being had .to at -the same ,timejaccompanying fthejcrushing the drawin saccompanyingahdjfermingpart effect; by; a" slight .drawing action; The re;

59. ofthe same. '7 1 sult'is that most of the fibers? a e ,sei time .1 y invention relates to methods of'reduc without'being brokenl Sincejthe'drawingj is ihg eoarse Wood parti les toua oonditionfof always infthe same direction-With reference pulp,irrespective of hovif siileh' coarse particles to; individual. partiele's ,fpractically ,only'itho s'e were originallyproduced; but'its'chief object Wi1lbe broken transversely Whieh'are pre 5 toutiliz e for niaking papeflpapereboard, sented With theirfiberslyingsubstafitiallyiri Q5 or similar product, the fscreehings'iwhich, with the directionjloffth'edrawingactionQffAt beingvtoo' coarse to pass throughthe, screens the end of thisstep the fibers Willjbe round into vthe stock; are disposed of as'rnere Waste separated or the p'articles' flattenedjoutjand without value." The final product of my pr0c the fibers onlyfver'y slightly ;conneeted to-j go esslis intended to be a paper-stock'at least getherpl In'the'former,caSe;I,do,-not.wishto 79 equally as good'as the stok from which the be understood to mean;that jeach'indiyidual sereenings wereoriginallyseparated. The filamentary fiber .is'freed fromjthe adjac nt method of making the stock; however, isradifibers; but rather; that the,'mo's tlof;.them are in eally difierentfllln fact,"in-an experiencein minute bundles-of several fibers eacli'andjare g. 5 thepaper industry eictendingover many years either i smallenou h to be pulped edia'tely 1 5 lhave never known a'process' similar to mine or but comparativ ly little .rlarger; thank-the used either for the same orananalogous 'ur-g proper size for the stock; Ifthe material pose. The process as alwhole is new so far: notin condition 'for the stoclig eith'er because as]; am aware, as" also are certain of the 'indithe component particles are toolargeprhave 39 yidual steps which together constitute the notbe well separated from'eaoh other', itshoujld 3,0

same. V V 4 befag ain reduced, this time lpreferablyfby'a it vItshou'ld first be understood thatthe task grinding or'rubbing. action continuedfuntilth of makingipaper-stock frorn'coa'rse Wood parparticles are-fine enough for thep'urp'osed ticle's'yarying in sizeffrom those j ust too large sired. .If the original particles after b n e,

topassthrough the meshes of the scrcen'to crushed and drawn are not smallenou'gh vet .35

" otherszof .rnany timesthat' diameter presents for proper reduction bygrindingfitmaybe difliculties not met inproducing stockfrom necessary to again subject the[,rnaterialjto large blocks of WOOd. -.In the latter case the crushing and 'dr,awing,andfthen"to g imtpy blocks; can. be conveniently. and p easily held rub itdown. j In fact, I havefouiid'thatthese 49 withjthe'grain in the. proper direction and last-mentionedstep's are in'mostca's'esknecesf '99 theigreater part ground; to almost any degree sary for best results, and. accordinglyit i's defof fineness and afterward further reduced, if sirable not to attempt to produce the entirenecessary, by a beating-engineer other suit reduction by one step to put the'material iri ablemeans. Merefparticles'of'wood, howcondition for pulping or 'evenfo'r grinding,

g eman ot beheld and" ground in the.ordi but insteadto first giveit 'a' preliminary crushing I anddrawing With compartti ely slight resulting reduction 'gth'en to one for sometimes vmore similar treatments jbefore it isl'subje'cted tothe grinding or rubbing-1 I 141w?t aeslfiie st eihi 11 some instances 10o i'alnl 1 1mm 1 to rep'eatthe last stepthe grinding or rubbinga number of times before the material is brought to the proper condition of fineness.

I have devised a number of forms of apparatus for conveniently practicing the process described above, and of these I illustrate in the accompanying drawings the apparatus which has been found to perform the various steps in the most satisfactory manner.

Figure 1 shows the entire apparatus diagrammatically, partly in section. Fig. 2 shows the first set of rolls in detail, and Figs. 3 and 4 the succeeding rolls.

In carrying out the process with this apparatus the screenings or other material are mixed with water and pumped or otherwise withdrawn from the tank 1 into the machine 2. The latter has a series of roll-sets between which the material passes successively. The first set is preferably made of sandstone, dressed smooth. The surface of each roll, however, being necessarily incapable of taking a polish is therefore slightly rough, due to the grain of the stone. They are preferably mounted in movable bearings 3 for ready adjustment toward or from each other, so that any desired degree of crushing action may be produced. In order to secure a simultaneous drawing effect, one roll may be geared to rotate faster than the other, or one or both may be given an endwise vibration-as, for example, by means of the face-cams 4 and coacting mechanism shown in Fig. 2. The second set of rolls are also, preferably, of sandstone; but instead of being smooth are corrugatedas, for example, in the manner illustrated in Fig. 3. They should be mounted in adjustable bearings and rotate at different speeds with an endwise vibration as the former set. The third set of rolls are intended to effect the third and what under ordinary conditions would be the final step of reduction. The rolls themselves are preferably constructed in a manner similar to the well-known Jordan engine, but have a crushing and drawing action analogous to the other rolls, though preferably not to the same extent, since the material by the time it has passed through the first two sets is very nearly fine enough for the stones and needs only slight further reduction. The rolls are made with blades or bars, as shown, projecting above the surface. The bars may be of iron, with wooden slats or bars between them. The latter when soaked-with water swell, and thus bind the blades and hold the same secure in position. These rolls should be mounted in adjustable bearings like the others and should of course be rotated at different speeds. They need not, however, be reciprocated like the others.

From the foregoing it will be evident that the raw material as it is fed into the machine 2 will first be given a preliminary crushing and drawing, the extent of this action being determined'at will by the nearness of the rolls to each other, the difference of their speeds, and the extent and rapidity of their endwise vibration. the material is again crushed and drawn, the extent of the action being determined as before. The step performed by the third set is generally suflicient to putthe material in condition for the grinding or rubbing. From the machine 2 the partly-prepared material is discharged into a tank or vat 5, where it may be thoroughly stirred to mix intimately with the finer particles. The coarser bits which may have escaped the rolls or not have been fully acted upon. From this tank it is conveyed to the millstones 6 to be ground, as before described. The stones are preferably of the under-run type and may be dressed in the ordinary manner or specially, according to the needs of a particular case. For the purpose of applying this step to large quantities of material at one time I provide a number of sets with conduits communicating with the same hopper, so that a part of the material runs into each. From the first group of stones 6 the stock is discharged into a tank 7 where it may be stirred and mixed, as in the other vats, and from thence is conveyed to another group of stones 8, Where the rubbing and grinding is repeated until the material is brought to the proper degree of fineness and discharged into the tank 9. Here it may be stirred again and finally run out on to the screens, as in the usual process of papermaking.

The foregoing description of process and apparatus is sufficient to enable persons skilled in the art of paper manufacture to practice my invention with satisfactory results. It should be understood, of course, that under varying conditions the various steps must be modified, as in extent or duration of operation, to secure the best results; but such changes are entirely within the skill of the expert, and I therefore do not consider them outside the scope of my invention.

What I claim is 1. The herein-described process of reducing to pulp the waste product known as screenings, which consists in subjecting the screenings to a crushing and drawing action, and then to a grinding or rubbing action, for the purposes set forth. Y

2. The herein-described process of reducing to pulp the waste product known as screenings, which consists in subjecting the screenings to a plurality of crushing and drawing actions, then to a grinding or rubbing action, for the purposes set forth.

3. The herein-described process of reducing to pulp the waste product known as screenings, which consists in preliminarily crushing and drawing the screenings, crushing and drawing them again, and finally grinding or rubbing the screenings to further reduce them to the desired size, for the purposes set forth.

In passing through the second set 4. The herein-described process of reducing in the liquid, and again grinding or rubbing t0 pulp the Waste product known as screenthem, substantially as and for the purposes 10 ing1s,(;vhich consists in preliminarily crushing set forth.

an rawing t e screenings, crushing an 1 drawing them again, crushing and drawing WILLIAM R (JORNELL' them a third time, thoroughly stirring the Witnesses: crushed screenings in a liquid, grinding or A. B. WOODRUFF, I rubbing the screenings, stirring them again T. J. CORNELL. 

